We optimized this technique for electrophoresis capillaries and investigated the charge distribution of differently composed and treated SMIL coatings. As a result, simultaneously acquired sample topography and adhesion maps can be recorded. Upgrading the scanning tip to a molecular biosensor by adhesive molecules (like partly inverted charged molecules) allows for performing topography and recognition imaging (TREC). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) allows for topographical investigation of biological and analytical relevant surfaces with nanometer resolution and yields information about the surface roughness and homogeneity. Although the performance can be easily proven in normalized test runs, characterization of the coating itself remains challenging. High technical efforts like Successive Multiple Ionic Polymer Layer (SMIL) generation have been taken to develop stable coatings with switchable surface charges fulfilling the requirements needed for optimal separation. However electrophoretic resolution significantly depends on the coating of the inner capillary surface. Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) is a powerful analytical technique for fast and efficient separation of different analytes ranging from small inorganic ions to large proteins.
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